韩国裸舞

First Prize: Hester Bell-Jordan
Essay: 鈥淢esdemoiselles Erard: Gender, Music Publishing, and Self-Dedication in Nineteenth-Century Paris鈥濃��
Prize: $1,000.

The Erard family and their famous piano and harp company have been extensively researched (Adelson et al 2015), yet a successful musical venture undertaken by female members of the family鈥攖he publishing company M^lles Erard鈥攈as received little attention. Founded around 1800 and run by the Erard brothers鈥� two nieces, Marie-Fran莽oise Bonnemaison n茅e Marcoux (1777-1851) and Catherine-Barbe Delahante n茅e Marcoux (1779-1813), M^lles Erard was part of a rich legacy of women-run music publishing houses in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Paris. Save for foundational work by French scholars (Milliot 1968; Devri猫s/Lesure 1979) and passing mentions in studies of women and music, not only M^lles Erard but the broader role of women and gender in music publishing remains underexplored. My research addresses the erasure of gender in histories of music publishing and the Erard family by considering the contributions and strategies of M^lles Erard as women music publishers.

My article investigates the sisters鈥� use of self-dedication in a collection of five works from between 1801 and 1817 by composers including Daniel Steibelt and Johann Baptist Cramer. The title pages of these pieces inscribe 鈥淢^lles Erard鈥� or the sisters鈥� married names several times over, recording their roles as publishers and dedicatees. By accepting or eliciting dedicated pieces scored for piano or harp鈥攆eminized instruments which the sisters themselves played鈥攖hey appropriated connotations of the high-status woman dedicatee. I argue that this use of the paratextual space of the dedication serves both as a means of self-fashioning for the sisters as women music publishers and as a gendered promotional strategy for selling their products (Green 2019; Garritzen 2020). Self-dedication provides a doubled endorsement of a piece and elevates the dedicatee(s) to a position of authority. Unlike their male competitors, such as Ignace Pleyel, the Marcoux sisters could not draw on public, professional authority as musicians or composers to bolster their company鈥檚 reputation. Self-dedication thus functioned as a means of asserting authority as women music publishers through an existing model of feminine power.

Second Prize: Luke Riedlinger
Essay: 鈥淗earing beyond Jazzmasculinity in the Intra-ensemble Interaction and Reception of the John Coltrane Classic Quartet鈥�
Prize: $500.

This paper reflects on the values associated with the John Coltrane Classic Quartet as a canonical jazz ensemble, unpacking themes of synchronicity, flexibility, and spirituality that circulate around the critical reception of this iconic group. I begin by evaluating critical narratives harnessed by jazz critics Zita Carno, Ben Ratliff, and Ashley Kahn to appraise and historicise the group. Synthesizing the Carno, Ratliff, and Kahn narratives reveals two broad themes that have been employed to explain the success of the ensemble and their resultant canonical status in the jazz tradition: the synergy narrative and the flexibility narrative. I suggest that these narrative discourses of difference (flexibility) and sameness (synergy) imply certain ways that gender was put to work in the real time collaboration of the quartet and has been used as an identity construct through which to critique and historicise the group in the years since. Stemming from Rustin-Paschal鈥檚 definition of jazzmasculinity as a 鈥榢ind of space鈥� enables the performance of jazz as self-making, I propose reconfiguring jazzmasculinity as a multi-modal infrastructure in which individually gendered jazz musicians emerge through participation in a gendered ensemble. The main goal of this model is to acknowledge the ways that jazzmasculinity is not a neutral zone in which sameness is fetishized, rather it is a kind of framework that requires different techniques and aesthetics to participate in for each musician mediated through their associated instrumental trope, as well as discursive ideas circulating in and around the ensemble to which they belong. I ultimately forward the proposition that teaching jazz students to hear and negotiate gender simultaneously at the level of the individual, the instrumental trope, and the ensemble is vital component in producing graduate and professional musicians that are more reflexive about their own positionality within jazz as a gendered discourse.

First Prize: Andrew Hon
Essay: 鈥淔rom Passion to Compassion: The Opposites and Uniformity of David Lang鈥檚 the little match girl passion (2007)鈥�
Prize: $1,000.

With the flourishing of the Passion genre at the turn of the twenty-first century, there also arose a trend in dechristianization of the genre, giving rise to Passion settings with narratives not centered on Christ. One of the most well-known and performed works of this new trend is David Lang鈥檚 the little match girl passion (2007), which takes influence from J. S. Bach鈥檚 St. Matthew Passion, but 鈥渞eplaces鈥� the suffering of Jesus with that of H. C. Andersen鈥檚 little match girl. The poor girl, not unlike Jesus in the traditional Passion, is portrayed as an outcast of the society. But the allegorical character represents more than an individual in that she embodies the lower class that suffers under the capitalist system. Through a retelling of the Andersen story in a post-minimalist framework, Lang鈥檚 Passion renounces the myth of progress, challenges the status quo, and contemplates change.

The original tale by Andersen is one of many opposites: violence and love; poverty and wealth; struggle and redemption; life and death. These dualities are largely retained in the little match girl passion, mitigated by the uniformity of Lang鈥檚 hallmark post-minimalist style. This paper examines Lang鈥檚 Passion focusing on its musical dualities and uniformity. It will also illustrate how these opposing and unifying forces can elicit emotional response in the listener and create meanings, both musically and extra-musically, in light of social justice issues.

Second Prize: Thomas Posen
Essay: 鈥淔rom 鈥淩adical Blunders鈥� to Compositional Solutions: A Form-Functional Perspective on Beethoven鈥檚 Early Eroica 颁辞苍迟颈苍耻颈迟测-厂办别迟肠丑别蝉鈥�
Prize: $500.

In 1802, Beethoven began working on what would become one of his largest and most discussed works: the third symphony in E鈾� major, "The Eroica.鈥� Beethoven drafted his musical ideas for the work in what we now call "The Eroica Sketchbook," the most famous of all his sketchbooks. The sketches to the Eroica have fascinated scholars for nearly one and a half centuries, beginning with Gustav Nottebohm鈥檚 pioneering work in the late nineteenth century. More recently in 2013, Lewis Lockwood and Alan Gosman finished transcribing the complete sketchbook into modern legible music notation, which has led to a resurged interest in his compositional approach for the piece.

Beethoven鈥檚 compositional process to the first movement of the Eroica has long vexed scholars. Many of his early drafts have been interpreted as 鈥渇ailed experiments鈥� or even 鈥渞adical blunders.鈥� In this paper, I reappraise these supposed problems by (1) reconstructing the early single-line continuity sketches to the first movement, (2) by analyzing the reconstructions with form function theory (Caplin, 1998, 2013), and (3) by performing the sketches as if they were viable pieces. I suggest, for example, that the sketches show Beethoven鈥檚 many innovative approaches for problematizing a lyrical subordinate theme in order to elevate rhetorically the arrival of a new lyrical theme late in the development. In short, by reorienting the analyst to valorize the sketches with the well-defined theory of formal functions instead of critiquing them with imprecise traditional sonata theories, this paper develops new insights into Beethoven鈥檚 compositional process for one of his most celebrated pieces.

First Prize: Shulamit Sarid
Essay: 鈥�Infinite Variety 鈥� The Collaborative Works of Yo-Yo Ma鈥�.
Prize: $1,000.

French-born Chinese-American cellist Yo-Yo Ma is one of the preeminent cellists of our time. He remains devoted to the classical repertoire yet has often sought out musicians outside the classical sphere and collaborated with them. In 1998, Ma founded The Silk Road Ensemble, a non-profit project that assembles diverse cultures and musicians by commissioning new pieces as well as supporting education and cross-cultural artistic partnerships. This article explores Yo-Yo Ma鈥檚 intercultural collaborations in light of contemporary theories of modernism and transnationalism. Drawing upon his many interviews, lectures, and films, I survey Ma鈥檚 multicultural childhood and anthropological training, as well as analyze his most recent collaborative album Sing Me Home. Due to the transnational and political nature of Ma鈥檚 works along with their global impact, I would argue that Yo-Yo Ma is among the leading cellists who contributed to the modernization of cello playing in the second half of the twentieth century.

Second Prize: Laurence Willis
Essay: 鈥�Comprehensibility and Ben Johnston鈥檚 String Quartet No. 9鈥�.
Prize: $500.

Between 1959 and 1995, Ben Johnston wrote ten string quartets and most use just intonation. During this period, North American microtonal music came in two varieties: extensions of equal temperament and just intonation. Although we often describe just intonation and equal temperament as categorically separate from one another, this can be somewhat illusory in practice since both may facilitate the exploration of novel sonorities. Certainly, in microtonal communities, neither category is monolithic. Although two composers may share similar aesthetic goals such as pureness and beauty, no standardized just-intonation practice exists either conceptually or notationally. For example, Tenney鈥檚 Arbor Vitae (2006) and Johnston鈥檚 鈥淲ith Solemnity鈥� from String Quartet No. 7 (1984) employs completely different methods of pitch derivation and notation. While these compositions may both be described as just-intonation works, they are otherwise relatively unalike. Johnston鈥檚 String Quartet No. 9 (1988) is different again: the quartet鈥檚 tonal pitch structures and recognizable forms expose the abnormality of its intonation.

Johnston鈥檚 just-intonation music is of startling aural variety and presents novel solutions to age-old tuning problems. In this paper, I describe the way that Johnston reoriented his compositional practice in the 1980s, as evidenced in his musical procedures. Johnston became aware of the disconnect between Western art music composers and their audiences. He therefore set about composing more accessible music that listeners could easily comprehend. His String Quartet No. 9 gives an instructive example of the negotiation between just intonation and comprehensibility as it reveals an evolution of just-intonation pitch structures. This paper provides an analytical method for exploring Johnston鈥檚 works in a way that moves beyond describing the structure of his system and into more musically tangible questions of form and process.

First Prize: Kaiya Smith Blackburn
Essay: 鈥�Black Israelites, Social Justice, and Kendrick Lamar: Meditations on a Rhetorical Branch of African American/Jewish Relations鈥�.
Prize: $1,000.

African American communities from the eighteenth century onward have successfully interpreted the Hebrew Bible and Christian scriptures to befit their existential reality and reinforce their humanity.聽On the sonic landscape of the spirituals, African Americans have identified with the Torah鈥檚 themes of social justice, liberation, and equality. With songs such as 鈥淚 Am Bound for the Land of Canaan,鈥� 鈥淒idn鈥檛 My Lord Deliver Daniel,鈥� and 鈥淪teal Away,鈥� African slaves and their descendants identified directly with the suffering Children of Israel 鈥� they engaged with scripture as a living, malleable organism, and carved within it a likeness of their own experience. The reinterpretation of scripture has thus been central to the self-definition, identity-formation, and social cohesion of many African American communities from the first theological utterances of the earliest bards, to the more contemporary exaltations of black artists throughout the postmodern nation. This analysis evaluates the network of African American identifications with central stories and principles of the Torah, situating it within the overarching social sphere of African American and Jewish relations.聽While the earliest alignments with the enslaved Hebrews of Exodus by African Americans occurred prior to substantial contact between blacks and Jews, black theology has continued to evolve within the context of an integrated history with Jews. One particular branch, 鈥� stemming in part from interaction with Jews in America 鈥� is the Black Israelite theological phenomenon.聽I focus on Kendrick Lamar and his fourth studio album聽DAMN. (2017),聽which employs Black Israelite聽biblical rhetoric profoundly, to evaluate this cultural entanglement.

Second Prize: Kristin Franseen
Essay: 鈥�Onward to the end of the Nineteenth Century鈥�: Edward Prime-Stevenson鈥檚 Nostalgic Musical Time Travel鈥�
Prize: $500.

In the fourth chapter of my dissertation, I theorize the role of nostalgia and memory in Edward Prime-Stevenson鈥檚 music criticism and amateur sexology. While Prime-Stevenson had a successful career as a music critic in New York City during the 1880s and 1890s, he left the United States around the turn of the century to pursue sexological research in Italy and Switzerland. During his time in Europe, he wrote and self-published an early gay novel, Imre: A Memorandum (1906), and one of the first histories of homosexuality in English, The Intersexes (1908/1909), under the pseudonym 鈥淴avier Mayne.鈥� Music appears as a theme in both of these works, and The Intersexes in particular presents Prime-Stevenson鈥檚 approach to finding queer musical meaning in symphonic music and Wagnerian opera. Decades later, Prime-Stevenson revised his earlier newspaper writings in an effort to preserve his journalism in a more permanent format in Long-Haired Iopas and A Repertory of One-Hundred Symphonic Programmes (1932/1933). 聽

All of these books were distributed by Prime-Stevenson in extremely limited editions, and both the texts and his surviving notes suggest a deep musical and personal longing for the 1890s. They feature dedications to Prime-Stevenson鈥檚 friend and ex-lover Harry Harkness Flagler, and focus largely on repertoire that he and Flagler experienced as concertgoers in the early 1890s in New York City. The composers and works Prime-Stevenson identifies as central to the 鈥淯ranian鈥� [homosexual] musical experience also appear in his mainstream music criticism. In Long-Haired Iopas, sexuality and the erotic appear as a primary force that can never quite be unpacked in a satisfactory manner. Prime-Stevenson alleges that recent psychological interest in sexology accounts for the widespread success of Wagner鈥檚 Parsifal, describes the diversity in the ways he claims men and women respond to and perform music, and toys with issues of forbidden love and male friendship in his biographical musings on bachelors in music history. Ultimately, however, these seemingly disparate approaches to musical-sexual knowledge all link back to his personal views on music appreciation. Prime-Stevenson鈥檚 layers of secrecy and frequent obfuscation can make it difficult to piece together his research process, although some of his claims are corroborated in writings by others, including Ethel Smyth, Edward Carpenter, Rosa Newmarch, and Magnus Hirschfeld.聽 More than anything, however, Prime-Stevenson attempted to construct queer music histories where none had previously existed, citing unverifiable gossip and turning to personal experience when the surviving historical record did not live up to his lofty aims. His last book, a collection of 鈥減laylists鈥� of phonograph recordings, continues this canon-building project, and can thus be read as a kind of nostalgic communion with other listeners across time and space.

First Prize: Myl猫ne Gioffredo
Paper: L鈥橢xploration du Son dans Zipangu (1980) de Claude Vivier.

Considered something of a musical genius, Vivier is known at home and abroad for the originality of his musical language, the importance he attached to vibrant timbral sonorities, and the magic he achieved through formal structures often based in a fascination with the Fibonnaci series and other mathematical relationships.聽 This paper combined in-depth analysis聽with archival documentation referencing Vivier鈥檚 own compositional processes to critique and systematically 鈥渦ndo鈥� past theoretical accounts.

The jury appreciated the elegance of the writing style and the way in which the tension between process and theory was revealed.聽 They also appreciated the sophistication and execution of Myl猫ne's聽own analytical representations.聽

Second Prize: Claire McLiesh
Paper: These Days: Musical Nostalgia in The Royal Tenebaums.

This paper tracks how the Tenebaum family struggles with remembering and forgetting through the themes of the Chelsea Girl title track sung by Nico on her 1967 album and that is featured throughout the film. The analysis is a well-exceuted example of film scholarship showing how Anderson鈥檚 mise-en-sc猫ne through the music gives unspoken, sometimes even unspeakable, narrative information.

The jury appreciated the organization and craft of Claire's writing style, as well as the way in which different theoretical perspectives were integrated 鈥� particularly with respect to issues surrounding genre and style.

First Prize:聽 Vanessa Blais-Tremblay, Ph.D., Musicology
Seminar Paper:聽 Gorgeous Girlies in Glittering Gyrations: Between the Bump-and-Grind and the Branlements-et-Grouillements.

Laying the groundwork for some of her thesis project, this seminar paper re-examines women鈥檚 participation in the golden age of Montreal jazz through the 1930s 鈥� 1950s, arguing that the 鈥渇irst take鈥� dismissed them all too easily as a product of Mayor Drapeau鈥檚 morality raids intended to rid a increasingly urban city of values at odds with the continuing Catholicism of the Duplessis years.聽聽 The panel was intrigued by her argument that the reason for the raids, the vice, is a productive means of understanding how jazz was 鈥渕aterialistically and discursively鈥� produced at the time.

Most interesting was the originality and depth of her methodology 鈥� any research on Quebec music-making involving ground-roots research and the building of an argument from the original sources itself 鈥� and the intelligent ways in which she found sources of ethnographic data from the period.聽 She allowed the voices from the past to speak, mixing her study of the archives, video documentaries, and previous histories about the period to, not only shed new light on the music-making, but also on our understanding of 鈥渉istory-making鈥� as an imaginative act.

As an example of a seminar paper, the depth of original research was excellent.

Second Prize: Kai Siedenburg, Ph.D., Music Technology
Article: Culture Clash?聽 Audio Features for Timbre in Music Information Retrieval and Music Psychology.

This article, which the committee understood had not yet been submitted for publication, identifies a curious gap between the types of audio features that are used for timbre research in music information retrieval and music psychology.聽 Where the typical review of research that is the outcome of one鈥檚 comprehensive process or dissertation often simply documents the gap, this paper argues that the gap is not 鈥渃oincidental鈥� and arises from 鈥渄ifferences in the two fields鈥� methodologies鈥� that stem from the underlying assumptions and questions grounding the work.聽

The committee appreciated the thoughtfulness of the argument and the structure through which it was articulated.聽 They particularly appreciated the effort to capture the attention of the audience with an engaging 鈥渋ntroduction,鈥� and the specificity of the final recommendations.

First Prize 鈥� Jason Noble, Ph.D. Composition
Focusing on Messaien's the聽Quatuor pour la fin du temps聽and Grisey鈥檚聽Vortex Temporum, Jason argues that music as the art of time, when evoking an experience of timelessness, does not take us out of time; rather it plays on the structures of human perception to create other ways of being in time.聽 Through a sophisticated and musically sensitive analysis of both works from a variety of engaging perspectives, he creatively builds new theoretical relationships to conclude that despite different approaches the two works are fundamentally aligned in their common artistic endeavor.聽 The Committee very much appreciated the elegance of his expression and the way in which he blended structural analysis with the experiential.

Second Prize 鈥� Zoey Cochran, Ph.D. Musicology
Using case studies from early 18^th聽century Neopolitan opera, Zoey Cochran gives a nuanced account of the multifarious uses of Neopolitan and Tuscan in the arts. Her reinterpretation takes into account variation within the dialects, as well as the opera鈥檚 role as a form of resistance to foreign power, to present an enriched view of these works and their socio-political context. The committee was impressed with the professionalism and sophistication of her analysis. Her exploration of the Italian language and its role is a tour-de-force of the power of old-fashioned or pure historical musicology that grounds itself in archival sources.

FIRST PRIZE was awarded to Catherine Schwartz, a doctoral student in musicology, for a chapter from her dissertation entitled, 鈥淧ierre Bonnier, and Singing the Self in the Third Republic.鈥�

While our current understanding of the voice has been framed largely as a function of performance traditions or musical analyses of operatic roles, Ms. Schwartz examines the concept of voice itself through early 20th C. accounts of what it means to sing represented in singing treatises, scientific accounts of voice and social theory (particularly Pierre Bonnier), and the experience of singing itself as a function of the learning process. She also introduces new concepts such a vocal porter, the idea of carrying the voice (or the service rendered) by a singer to an audience in order to ensure that he or she is heard and understood, together with how such sensations can be linked to an acoustical experience of sound and to the body鈥檚 awareness of vocal resonance.

SECOND PRIZE was awarded to Rachel Avery, a master's student in musicology, for her essay entitled, 鈥淭he Cosmic Dance: The pop score and musical subjectivity as Life in Harold and Maude.鈥�

Ms. Avery not only combined literary and critical perspectives from narrative studies, film theory, and music, but she also successfully made a strong case for seeing the music in the 1971 film, Harold and Maude, as an analytic space where the characters chart and discover their own subjectivity. The jury particularly appreciated the connection she made between classical and contemporary constructs, especially since classical elements are often at play in the structural forms of composer Cat Stevens鈥� sound track, much as they were in the then current music of the Beatles.